A Balanced Reading Program

A balanced reading program supports students as they develop their ability to read, write, speak, listen, think and grow into literate people.

Regie Routman's definition of balanced literacy
(Conversations, 2000, p. 15)

includes..."all aspects of reading and writing, receiving appropriate emphasis and guided contexts are used to help readers become critical thinkers, independent problem solvers, self-monitors, self-evaluators, and goal setters."

...so another word for balanced is comprehensive and that includes technology.

This site will help you, the classroom teacher, link to various sites which will help you to implement a comprehensive literacy program in your classroom.

Reading Aloud
Shared Reading
Guided Reading
Reading Workshop

Great Reading Websites for Teachers

American Library Association (ALA)
Discover ALA's recommendations for the best children's and teen's books on this well-organized site. Home of the Newbery and Caldecott awards for children's literature.

Center for the Improvement of Early Reading Achievement (CIERA)
Get CIERA publications online or visit Ideas@Work, a space to share your ideas about early reading acquisition.

International Reading Association (IRA)
Learn more about IRA, a professional association devoted exclusively to reading instruction. You'll get information about publications, conferences and research.

Learning to Read
Improve reading instruciton by studying both the reading process and teaching techniques found on this site. Interactive lessons and many other resources are included.

National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE)
Exchange strategies with other educators at this unusually interactive site. You can access information about grants, professional development, and standards.

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Reading Aloud

?here is no substitute for a teacher who reads children good stories. It whets the appetite of children for reading, and provides a model of skillful oral reading. It is a practice that should continue throughout the grades·/H4>

(Commission on Excellence for Education, 1984, p. 51).


Why read aloud?

According to Regie Routman in her book, Conversations (2000), being read to helps a child:


Standards for Reading Aloud

The National Center for Education and the Economy provides the following standards for reading aloud in a primary classroom:

Kindergarten: Read or reread--independently or with another student or adult--two to four familiar books each day. Listen to one or two books read aloud each day at school and at home.

First Grade: Read--independently or with assistance--four or more books a day. Hear two to four books or other texts read aloud every day.

Second Grade: Read one or two short books or long chapters every day. Listen to and discuss every day one text that is longer and more difficult than what can be read independently.

Third Grade: Read 30 chapter books a year. Listen to and discuss at least one chapter read aloud every day.


Carol Hurst? Children? Literature Site

This is a collection of reviews of great books for kids, ideas of ways to use them in the classroom and collections of book and activities about particular subjects, curriculum areas, themes and professional topics.

More Info. on Children's Literature

This children? literature web site contains four different components: features, discussion boards, a quick reference and more links. All the information on this site will enable teachers to incorporate children? literature into their instructional program.

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Shared Reading

Shared reading is the process by which the whole class or a small group enjoys and appreciates the selected piece of literature as it is read by the teacher to the whole group.


Benefits of Shared Reading

(Routman, Conversations, 2000, p. 34)


Another form of shared reading: Readers·Theatre

Students take a narrative text or part of a text and transform it into a script to be read and performed for an audience.

Aaron Shepard has created over 20 free scripts and provides information regarding the genre, culture, theme and reading level of each script. Aaron also provides tips for scripting, staging and performing as well as an abundance of online and offline resources.

Another site, developed by Lois Walker, provides teachers with several free scripts in addition to a teacher? guide is available.

Several free scripts are available from the website at Storycart.com

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Guided Reading

Guided reading provides instructional opportunities for the teacher to model reading skills and strategies as well as good questioning techniques. In addition, teachers are able to encourage open-ended responses, observe the students·reading abilities and attitudes and promote the enjoyment of the literature.


According to Fountas and Pinnell in their book Guided Reading (p. 7, 1996),
the teacher? role is as follows:

Before the Reading

select an appropriate text, one that will match a child? instructional reading level

prepare an introduction to the story

briefly introduce the text, keeping in mind the meaning, the language and the visual clues

leave some questions to be answered through reading

During the Reading

?isten in·/FONT>

observe the readers·behaviors

confirm children? problem solving attempts and successes

interact with readers to assist with problem solving difficulties

make notes about the strategy use of individual readers

After the Reading

talk about the story with the readers

invite personal response

return to the text for one or two teaching opportunities

assess readers understanding of what they read

sometimes engage the readers in extending the story through varied activities

Focusing on Words
This website helps readers improve and increase their vocabulary with entertaining word activities. This site can serve as an extension activity for a guided reading lesson.

CyberGuides
This is a wonderful site for immediate classroom integration of literature experiences with Internet resources. This, too, can serve as an extension of a guided reading lesson since many of the cyberguides are developed around popular children? literature selections.

Heinemann Publishers
Every classroom teacher should have a copy of Fountas and Pinnell? Guided Reading book. You can also find out how to attend a guided reading conference sponsored through Heinemann publishers.

The Children's Book Council
Created and maintained by Gale W. Sherman and Bette D. Ammon, this site features links to in-depth book guides useful for K-12 literature-based curriculum planning.

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Reading Workshop

 Reading Workshop creates an environment that provides readers with time, ownership and response. Time refers to a regular, planned time to read. Ownership refers to readers choosing the books that hook them. Response refers to giving students the opportunity for ?iterary talk·with teachers and other students.


The Reading Workshop Schedule

Literature Time

  • A book read aloud to the class by the teacher to highlight the upcoming focus lesson.

Focus Lesson

  • A five to ten minute lesson that teaches children a procedure,a strategy or a skill based on the needs of the readers.

Status of the Class

  • The system a teacher devises to keep track of the books the children read.

Reading Time

  • The large concentrated block of time devoted to independent or partner reading during which time, the teacher conferences with individuals or small groups.

Share Time

  • Students share strategies, favorite parts of their book or read aloud a part of their story.


Reading Workshop Website Resources

The Miss Rumphius Award
This web page created by Don Leu at Syracuse University will connect teachers to a variety of sites for conversing about books, ideas for literature responses, and other interactive projects to support a reading workshop.

1st Book Library
This website lets teachers download more than 1,400 virtual books, many of them at no charge. These virtual books would provide teachers with another way to engage the reluctant reader during reading workshop time.

The BookWire Reading Room
This website allows readers to choose hundreds of favorite and future favorite books. You can print them out or read them right on-line.

Book Adventure
This is a free online reading incentive program that encourages children to read and earn points for prizes. Students can create a book list to select books to read, choosing from favorite titles or authors. Once a book is read, students go to the Quiz-O-Matic to take a five or ten minute online quiz on their book.

Children's Literature & Language Arts Resources Menu Page
Resources on books and reading, elementary and middle school curricula, literary enrichment activities, lesson plans and other curriculum support for librarians, teachers, parents, and student.


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This website was created by Karen Beerer, December 1999.